| DRUG | Schedule of administration | FACTS |
nizatidine (Axid) famotidine (Pepcid) cimetidine (Tagamet) ranitidine (Zantac)
omeprazole (Prilosec) pantoprazole (Protonix) esomeprazole (Nexium) lansoprazole (Prevacid)
Aluminum based: Amphogel Magnesium based: Milk of magnesia Aluminum and Magnesium: Maalox Mylanta Calcium based: Tums
misoprostol (Cytotec) sucralfate (Carafate)
pancrelipase (Creon-5) pancrelipase (Viokase) pancrelipase (Pancrease) | 1 hour AC with meals and hs without regard to meals and hs AC Without regard to meals 1 hour AC 30 min AC 1 hour PC and hs 1-3 hours PC and hs PC and hs 1 hour PC and hs with meals and hs empty stomach/ 1 hour AC and hs/ 2 hours PC give with meals and snacks give with meals and snacks give with meals and snacks | Ø avoid smoking and using alcohol Ø administer another antacid 1 hour apart Ø take antacids 1 hour apart from another antacids Ø encourage increased fluid intake and high fiber; causes constipation Ø magnesium based antacid causes diarrhea Ø causes constipation Ø prevent use of drug during pregnancy |
| ANTIBIOTICS
streptomycin gentamicin (Garamycin) amikacin (Amikin)
1st generation: cefadoxil (Duricef) cefazolin (Ancef) cephalexin (Keflex) cephapirin (Cefadyl) cephradine (Velosef) 2nd generation: cefaclor (Ceclor) cefmetazole (Zefazone) cefonicid (Monocid) cefotetan (Cefotan) cefoxitin (Mefotin) cefpodoxime (Vantin) cefprozil (Cefzil) cefuroxime (Ceftin , Zinacef) loracarbef (Lorabid) 3rd generation: cefdinir (Omnicef) cefixime (Suprax) cefoperazone (Cefobid) cefotaxime (Clorofan) ceftazidime (Fortaz) ceftibuten (Cedax) ceftizoxime (Cefizox) ceftriaxone (Rocephin) 4th generation: cefepime (Maxipime)
ciprofloxacin (Cipro, Ciloxan) enoxacin (Penetrex) levofloxacin (Levaquin) norfloxacin (Noroxin) ofloxacin (Floxin, Ocuflox) sparfloxacin (Zagam) trovofloxacin (Trovan)
erythromycin (Erythrocin, E-Myrin, Ilosone) azithromycin (Zithromax) clarithromycin (Briaxin) dirithromycin (Dynabec)
amoxicillin (Amoxil, Augmentin) ampicillin (Unasyn) penicillin G
sulfadiazine sulfisoxazole (Gantrisin) trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra)
demeclocycline (Declomycin) doxycycline (Vibramycin) minocycline (Minocin) oxytetracycline ( Teramycin) tetracycline (Achromycin)
isoniazid ripampin
amphotericin B fluconazole (Diflucan) miconazole Minostat) ketoconazole (Nizoral) nystatin (Mycostatin)
metronidazole (Flagyl) (Flagyl ER) phenazopyridine (Pyridium) | PC take in an empty stomach (may be taken with food if GI irritation occurs) “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ ” “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ take 2 hours PC or 2 hours before or after antacids or iron (take with food if GI distress occurs) “ “ “ “ “ 1 or 2 hours PC “: “ 1-2 hours AC or 2-3 hours PC “ “ 1 hour AC or 2 hours PC; if with nausea administer with food “ “ take on an empty stomach/ 1 hour before or 2 hours after food/ beverage “ “ “ 1 hour AC or 2 hours PC empty stomach/ 1 hour AC or 2 hours PC Take with meals 1 hour AC or 2 hours PC PC | Ø causes ototoxicity Ø hepatotoxic and ototoxic: watch for tinnitus and vertigo Ø increase fluid intake to prevent crystalluria Ø hepatotoxic Ø causes red-orange discoloration of urine Ø hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic Ø ketoconazole is neurotoxic Ø may cause discoloration in the urine |
alprazolam (Xanax) chlordiazepoxide (Librium) chlomazepam (Klonopin) clorazepate (Tranxene) diazepam (Valium) lorazepam (Ativan) midazolam (Versed) oxazepam (Serax) buspirone HCL (Buspar) doxepin (Sinequan) meprobamate (Miilltown, Equanil)
fluxetine (Prozac) fluvoxamine (Luvox) paroxetine (Paxil) sertraline (Zoloft)
amitryptyline (Elavil) doxepin (Senequan) imipramine (Tofranil) desipramine (Norpramine) nortriptilline (Pamelor) clomipramine (Anafranil)
Tranylcypromine sulfate (Parnate) Phenelzine (Nardil) Isocarboxazid (Marplan) | Give with liquid other than grapefruit (tid or bid) “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ Take in the AM to avoid insomnia “ “ Give with food in AM Morning or evening with or without meals Administer at bedtime (hs) due to sedation “ “ “ “ “ “ Administer with food and in AM “ “ “ | Ø avoid tyramine containing foods to prevent hypertensive crisis |
| · Anti-Manic lithium carbonate (Eskalith, Lithobid, Lithonate) | Take PC | Ø avoid strenuous activities that causes perspiration Ø avoid hot bath Ø watch for evidence of toxicity (diarrhea, vomiting, tremors, dizziness, muscle weakness, ataxia) Ø maintain adequate sodium intake |
chlorpromazine HCL ( Thorazine) clozapine (Clozaril) fluphenazine decanoate (Prolixin) haloperidol (Haldol, Serenace) mesoridazine besylate (Serentil) olanzapine (Zyprexa) prochlorperazine (Compazine) thioridazine (Mellaril) trifluoperazine (Stelazine) risperidone (Risperdal) | give daily dose 1-2 hours before bedtime “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ | Ø watch for anticholinergic s/e: blurring of vision, urinary retention, constipation, orthostatic hypotension, photosensitivity, urinary retention, dry mouth Ø watch for evidence of neuroleptic malignant syndrome: high fever; extrapyramidal syndrome Ø chlorpromazine is more likely to cause photosensitivity than any other drug in its class Ø clozapine carries a significant risk of agranulocytosis (check WBC frequently) |
bumetamide (Bumex) furosemide (Lasix) Thiazides chlorothiazide (Diuril) Potassium Sparing amiloride (Midamor) spironolactone (Aldactone) triamterene (Dyrenium) Isotonic Isosorbide (Ismotic) Mannitol (Osmitrol) | Take with meals or PC in AM “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ | Ø increase potassium in the diet Ø may predispose digoxin toxicity: watch for hypokalemia Ø instruct client that increasing potassium in the diet is not indicated Ø Mannitol is commonly used to prevent increased intracranial pressure |
Aspirin clopidogrel (Plavix) dipyridamole (Persantine) ticlopidine (Ticlid) | Take with food “ “ “ | Ø watch for symptoms of bleeding such as bruising, bleeding gums, dark tarry stool Ø watch for tinnitus in long term aspirin therapy (s/sx of toxicity) |
ibuprofen (Motrin) indomethcin (Indocin) meloxicam (Mobic) naproxen (Naprosyn) | Take with food “ “ “ “ | Ø watch for signs of bleeding |
dexamethasone (Decadron) betamethasone (Celestone) hydrocostisone (Solu-Cortef) prednisolone | Take with milk or food/ if in single dose give in AM for less toxicity “ “ “ “ | Ø predisposes the individual to immunosuppression (provide health measures to avoid acquiring infection) Ø |
digoxin (Lanoxin) nitroglycerin | Without meals Empty stomach | Ø before administering digoxin check for pulse rate Ø nitroglycerin patch should be rotated in different areas and placed in non-hairy skin Ø earliest sign of digoxin toxicity includes anorexia or loss of appetite Ø hypokalemia predisposes digoxin toxicity Ø in administering nitroglycerin for angina give two tablets with 5 minutes interval |
captopril (Capoten) enalapril (Vasotec) | Without food/ 1 hour AC Without regards to food | |
candesartan (Atacand) losartan (Cozaar) | Without regards to meals “ | |
propanolol (Inderal) metoprolol (Lopressor) esmolol (Brevibloc) atenolol (Tenormin)
prazocin ( Minipress) | Take with food | |
amlodipine (Norvasc) diltiazem (Cardizem) nifedipine (Adalat, Procardia) verapamil (Calan) | Take with meals “ “ “ “ | Ø instruct patent to move slowly in changing position (causes hypotension) |
hydroxyzine (Atarax, Vestaril) promethazine (Phenergan) loratadiine (Claritin) diiphenhydramine (Benadryl) | Take with food “ “ “ “ | |
atropine benztropine mesylate (Cogentin) trihexyphenidyl (Artane) | Take 30 minutes after meals “ “ | |
metformin (Glucophage) chlorpropamide (Diabenese) tolazamide (Tolinase) tolbutamide (Orinase) glipizide (Glucotrol) glyburide (Micronase) | Take with meals “ “ “ “ “ | |
aminophylline theophylline (Theo-Dur) | 1 hour AC or 2 hours PC With meals/ 1 hour AC or 2 hours PC | |
methimazole (Tapazole) Lugol’s solution propylthiouracil (PTU)
levothyroxine Na (Synthroid) liothyronine Na (T3)
desmopressin acetate (DDVAP) vasopressin (ADH) | Take with meals Dilute solution with water, milk, or fruit juice and give PC Take with meals Take at the same time each day, before breakfast “ | Ø at risk for agranulocytosis; watch s/sx Ø watch for complaints of tachycardia, insomnia, nervousness, and tremors Ø given to patient with diabetes insipidus |
leuprolide acetate (Lupron Depot) tamoxifen citrate vincristine (Oncovin) | | Ø given for advanced prostate cancer, endometriosis Ø acts as antiestrogen; do not take antacids 2 hours of dose Ø causes peripheral neuropathy; watch for leucopenia and thrombocytopenia Ø monitor WBC regularly |
alluporinol (Zyloprim) colchicine | After meals With meals | Ø Given to polycythemia because of hyperuricemia Ø watch for symptoms of colchicine overdose: (nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, unusual bleeding, bruising, tiredness, weakness, numbness, or tingling) |
Iron preparation Calcium supplements | Between meals/ empty stomach With food | Ø take with vit.C to enhance absorption Ø |
fentanyl (Duragesic) meperidine hydrochloride (Demerol) morphine sulfate
acetaminophen (Tylenol) | Take before pain becomes intense “ “ “ | Ø monitor for respiratory depression Ø keep narcotic antagonists (naloxone) Ø drug of choice for MI pain Ø not indicated for gallbladder pain may cause spasm of the sphincter of Oddi Ø hepatotoxic |
methylphenedate HCL (Ritalin) | Give in the morning | Ø given for ADHD |
endrophonium choride (Tensilon) neostigmine bromide (Prostigmin) pyridostigmine bromide (Mestinon) bethanechol chloride (Urecholine) | Take with meals Take tablets at the same time each day at least 6 hours apart Give on an empty stomach at regular intervals | Ø increased muscle strength after injection confirms myasthenic crisis Ø Schedule dose 30 minutes before each meals for patients with dysphagia Ø Taken lifetime Ø Indicated for urinary retention |
warfarin (Coumadin) Heparin Enoxaparin sodium (Lovenox) | | Ø monitor for INR and PT Ø instruct patient to avoid green leafy vegetables because this may decrease the potency of the drug Ø monitor for bleeding tendencies Ø monitor PTT Ø watch for symptoms of bleeding Ø watch for signs of bleeding Ø given SC |
carbamazepine (Tegretol) magnesium sulfate phenytoin (Dilantin) | Take with meals Take with food | Ø Check CBC frequently Ø Given to patient with trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux) Ø Watch for respiratory depression Ø Prepare calcium gluconate as antidote Ø Disappearance of patellar reflex is an impending signs of magnesium toxicity Ø Instruct good oral hygiene and to massage gums to prevent gingival hyperplasia Ø Flush IV tubing with NSS to prevent precipitate formation Ø hepatotoxic |
| alendronate sodium (Fosamax) isotretenoin (Accutane) raloxifene HCL (Evista) sildenafil citrate (Viagra) sulfasalazine (Azulfidine) vancomycin hydrochloride (Vancocin) Foscarnet sodium (Foscavir) latanoprost (Xalatan) | 30 minutes before food preferably in the morning with food in AM without regards to food 1 hour before sexual activity give with food | Ø instruct not to lie down for 30 minutes to reduce risk of esophageal irritation; treatment of osteoporosis in post-menopausal women Ø do not give in pregnant women due to its teratogenic effects Ø take with calcium and Vit.D Ø do not administer together with nitroglycerin Ø nephrotoxic Ø monitor for “red man syndrome” w/c occurs if drug is infused rapidly Ø report ringing in ears( ototoxic) Ø nephrotoxic Ø emphasize the importance of adequate hydration throughout the therapy Ø indicated for CMV retinitis in patients with AIDS and acyclovir resistant herpes simplex virus Ø indicated for increased IOP in open angle glaucoma Ø may gradually change eye color, increasing brown pigment in the iris Ø apply pressure in the lacrimal sac 1 minute after instillation to minimize systemic absorption |
